There are really two parts to this theory.
The first question is, why do 3-4 year old children claim in conversation to be someone else? This is actually an extraordinary concept to emerge from anyone's psyche, and yet it is something that happens with surprising frequency. Perhaps there is a space in the developing brain's long term memory that is emergent at that age, and yet empty. So the developing brain either attempts to fill it up with manufactured but plausible memories, or inadvertently confuses imagination and passing information for actual memories.
the second question is perhaps more understandable: why do those around them claim that the past lives are identifiable and recognizable?
This answer to this question lies more in the suggestibility of the audience, rather than the intentional deception of the child. Like a TV psychic, the child's utterances are treated with the utmost gravity and, once convinced, the adult auditors go out of their way to find historical stories that match the story that the child is telling. They may go so far as to fill in important details on their own, modifying what the child said into something that matches the details of the story they have found.
Children have a desire to tell stories that adults want to listen to. They also have a hesitance, once a false story is embarked upon, to actually confess to the truth. They become very perceptive to the way that their stories are being received by the adults around them and can pick up on clues embedded in the reactions that these adults give them.
In this way, the child and the adults are working together to create a story and work out the details, even though all of them believe in its objective veracity.
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